Market Scenario 

Biofumigation market was valued at US$ 1.86 billion in 2024 and is projected to hit the market valuation of US$ 3.40 billion by 2033 at a CAGR of 7.85% during the forecast period 2025–2033.

Biofumigation is an innovative agricultural technique that involves incorporating specific plant materials—mainly from the Brassicaceae family, such as mustards, cauliflower, and broccoli—into the soil to release natural compounds that suppress soil-borne pests and diseases. This process leverages the decomposition of these plants to produce fumigant gases, notably methyl isothiocyanate, which are highly effective against a range of pathogens and nematodes. The biofumigation market is experiencing robust growth, driven by the global shift toward sustainable and eco-friendly farming practices. In 2024, the market size reached approximately US$ 1,860 million, with projections indicating a rise to US$ 3,480 million by 2033, reflecting a surge in adoption across North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. The increasing regulatory restrictions on synthetic chemical fumigants and the growing awareness of soil health are key factors fueling this demand.

The future potential of the biofumigation market is substantial, as more than 18,900 farms worldwide have adopted biofumigation practices as of early 2025, up from 13,200 in 2022. Mustard seed products are particularly prominent, holding the largest share in the global market due to their high glucosinolate content, which is crucial for effective pest suppression. In 2024, mustard-based biofumigants accounted for 40% in sales, while oilseed radish and broccoli-based products contributed prominently. The market is also witnessing increased investment in research and development, with over US$ 95 million allocated to biofumigation innovation projects in the past year alone. For instance, the successful reduction of potato cyst nematodes in the UK’s Shropshire region and improved strawberry yields in California, where biofumigation has been integrated into commercial production systems.

Biofumigation is primarily targeted at high-value crops susceptible to soil-borne diseases, such as potatoes, strawberries, tomatoes, and various brassicas. In 2024, over 5,700 hectares of potato fields in Europe and 3,200 hectares of strawberry farms in the US adopted biofumigation as a core pest management strategy. The most widely adopted use mode involves the incorporation of freshly chopped green manure crops into the soil, followed by immediate irrigation to maximize the release of bioactive compounds. This method has been shown to reduce nematode populations by up to 2,900 individuals per square meter and increase crop yields by 1,400 kilograms per hectare in controlled trials. As the biofumigation market continues to expand, with an expected 22,000 farms projected to adopt these practices by 2027, it is poised to play a pivotal role in the future of sustainable agriculture, offering both economic and environmental benefits. 

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 Market Dynamics 

Driver: Surge in Organic Farming Practices Increases Demand for Eco-Friendly Pest Control

The biofumigation market is witnessing a significant surge in demand, primarily fueled by the rapid expansion of organic farming practices worldwide. As of 2024, over 92,000 certified organic farms in North America and Europe have integrated biofumigation into their pest management protocols, reflecting a notable increase from 68,500 farms in 2021. This shift is driven by the need for eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic pesticides, which are increasingly restricted by regulatory bodies. For instance, the European Union’s Farm to Fork Strategy has set ambitious targets for reducing chemical pesticide use, prompting growers to seek sustainable solutions like biofumigation. The market is responding with a diverse range of products, including mustard seed meals and oilseed radish pellets, which are now used on more than 1,200,000 acres of organic farmland globally. These products have demonstrated the ability to suppress soil-borne pathogens and nematodes, leading to healthier crops and improved yields.

Market stakeholders are capitalizing on this trend by investing in research and development to enhance the efficacy and scalability of biofumigation solutions. In 2024, leading companies in the biofumigation market allocated over US$ 110 million to develop new formulations tailored for organic systems, resulting in the launch of 17 new biofumigant products in the past year alone. Real-world examples include the adoption of biofumigation by large-scale organic potato growers in Idaho, where the use of mustard-based amendments has reduced nematode infestations by 3,800 individuals per square meter and increased marketable yields by 2,100 kilograms per hectare. Additionally, organic strawberry producers in California have reported a 14-day reduction in crop cycle time and a decrease in disease incidence after switching to biofumigation. These quantifiable benefits are driving further adoption, positioning the biofumigation market as a cornerstone of sustainable, organic agriculture.

Trend: Development of New Plant Varieties Bred for Enhanced Biofumigant Properties

Innovation in plant breeding is reshaping the biofumigation market, with a strong focus on developing new crop varieties specifically engineered for superior biofumigant properties. In 2024, more than 38 research institutions and seed companies worldwide are actively engaged in breeding programs aimed at increasing glucosinolate content in Brassica crops, the primary source of biofumigant compounds. These efforts have resulted in the release of 12 new mustard and radish cultivars with enhanced pest-suppressing capabilities, now cultivated on over 320,000 acres across the US, Canada, and Western Europe. The market is benefiting from these advancements, as growers can now select varieties tailored to their specific pest and disease challenges, optimizing both efficacy and economic returns.

The commercial impact of these new varieties is evident in the rapid adoption rates among high-value crop producers. For example, in 2024, over 7,900 hectares of tomato and pepper fields in Spain and Italy were planted with high-glucosinolate mustard cover crops, resulting in a 2,600-kilogram per hectare increase in yield and a 21-day reduction in disease-related crop losses. Seed companies have reported a surge in demand, with sales of biofumigant-specific seed varieties reaching US$ 67 million in the first half of 2024. Furthermore, collaborative projects between public research institutes and private sector stakeholders have secured US$ 48 million in funding to accelerate the development of next-generation biofumigant crops. These targeted breeding initiatives are not only expanding the product portfolio within the biofumigation market but are also setting new standards for sustainable pest management in commercial agriculture.

Challenges: Limited Awareness and Understanding Among Farmers About Biofumigation Techniques

Despite the promising growth of the market, limited awareness and understanding among farmers remain a significant barrier to widespread adoption. As of 2024, surveys conducted across 11,500 conventional and organic farms in the US and Europe revealed that only 3,200 farmers possess in-depth knowledge of biofumigation protocols, while 6,800 have only a basic understanding. This knowledge gap is particularly pronounced in regions where traditional chemical fumigation has been the norm for decades. Many growers are unfamiliar with the specific crop varieties, timing, and soil incorporation techniques required for effective biofumigation, leading to inconsistent results and reluctance to transition from established practices. The biofumigation market is addressing this challenge through targeted educational campaigns, field demonstrations, and digital training modules, but the pace of knowledge transfer remains slower than desired.

To overcome this challenge, industry stakeholders are investing in farmer outreach and technical support initiatives. In 2024, over US$ 19 million was allocated to extension services and on-farm trials aimed at demonstrating the practical benefits of biofumigation. Real-world examples include the establishment of 240 demonstration plots in the Midwest US, where farmers observed a 1,900-kilogram per hectare increase in potato yields and a 2,200 nematode reduction per square meter after adopting biofumigation. Additionally, digital platforms offering step-by-step guidance and real-time monitoring tools have attracted 18,500 registered users in the past year, indicating growing interest in the technology. However, the biofumigation market must continue to prioritize education and hands-on support to bridge the knowledge gap and unlock the full potential of this sustainable pest management solution for a broader base of growers.

Segmental Analysis 

By Seed: Mustard Seed (Including Brassica juncea / Brown Mustard) Dominance to Stay Strong 

The biofumigation market is currently dominated by mustard seed, particularly Brassica juncea, which captures more than 40% of the market share. This dominance is primarily driven by the exceptional biofumigant properties of mustard seeds, especially their high glucosinolate content. When incorporated into the soil, these glucosinolates are hydrolyzed to release isothiocyanates, potent compounds that suppress a wide spectrum of soilborne pests and pathogens. For example, studies have shown that Indian mustard seed meal can inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia solani by up to 61.5% in laboratory conditions, outperforming other Brassica species and formulations. The market has seen widespread adoption of mustard-based products in regions such as the United States, Australia, and Italy, where full-field scale management of soilborne diseases is a priority for sustainable agriculture.

Another key factor driving the dominance of mustard seed in the biofumigation market is its agronomic versatility and adaptability across diverse agroclimatic zones. Mustard is a resilient crop, thriving in both temperate and subtropical regions, which allows for large-scale cultivation and consistent supply of raw material for biofumigant production. Additionally, mustard seed products are available in multiple formulations—such as seed meal, powder, and fresh plant tissue—offering flexibility for growers to tailor applications to specific crop and soil needs. Real-world examples include the use of Brassica juncea cultivars like ‘Brand 199’ and ‘Florida Broadleaf’ in commercial vegetable rotations, where they have consistently delivered over 90% mycelial inhibition against key soilborne pathogens. This proven efficacy, combined with ease of integration into existing crop rotations, cements mustard seed’s leading position in the market and continues to drive its expanding market share.

By Application: Soilborne Pathogen Control to Account for 42% Market Share 

Soilborne pathogen control stands as the most prominent application in the biofumigation market, currently contributing more than 42% of total market revenue. This strong demand is enabled by the urgent need for sustainable alternatives to chemical fumigants, especially following the global phase-out of methyl bromide due to environmental concerns. The market has responded with robust solutions, as Brassica-based biofumigants have demonstrated significant efficacy in suppressing a wide range of soilborne pathogens, including fungi, nematodes, and bacteria. For instance, field trials using Indian mustard seed meal have shown reductions in Rhizoctonia solani incidence and severity, leading to improved plant health and yield stability in crops such as beans, potatoes, and tomatoes.

The preference for biofumigation in soilborne pathogen control is further reinforced by its compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) strategies and organic certification requirements. In 2024, more than 1,500,000 acres of high-value crops in North America and Europe were treated with biofumigant amendments specifically targeting soilborne diseases. Growers have reported yield increases of up to 2,100 kilograms per hectare and a reduction in disease-related crop losses by as much as 48,000 tons annually. Real-world adoption is evident in California’s strawberry industry, where biofumigation has become a standard practice for managing Verticillium wilt and Fusarium oxysporum, resulting in healthier root systems and longer productive crop cycles. The biofumigation market continues to see strong investment in research and extension services, with over US$ 27 million allocated in 2024 to develop and validate new biofumigant products for soilborne pathogen control, ensuring this application remains at the forefront of market growth.

By Use Mode: Solid Formulations as the Most Prominent Use Mode in the Biofumigation Market

Solid formulations have emerged as the most prominent use mode in the market with over 50% market share, driven by their practicality, ease of application, and consistent performance in field conditions. The biofumigation market has seen a marked preference for products such as seed meals, pellets, and powders, which are easily incorporated into the soil using standard agricultural equipment. These solid formulations offer growers precise control over application rates and timing, ensuring optimal release of bioactive compounds during critical periods of pest and pathogen activity. For example, hexane-defatted mustard seed meal has been shown to deliver superior inhibition of soilborne fungi compared to fresh or liquid formulations, with laboratory studies reporting up to 61.5% suppression of Rhizoctonia solani.

The logistical advantages of solid formulations further drive their adoption in the biofumigation market. Solid products are stable during storage and transport, reducing the risk of degradation and ensuring consistent efficacy across large-scale operations. In 2024, more than 2,300,000 acres of commercial farmland globally were treated with solid biofumigant amendments, reflecting a significant increase from 1,700,000 acres in 2021. Real-world examples include the widespread use of mustard seed meal in potato and vegetable rotations in the Pacific Northwest and Midwest US, where growers have reported reductions in nematode populations by up to 3,200 individuals per square meter and yield gains of 1,800 kilograms per hectare. The market continues to innovate in this segment, with new granular and pelleted products designed for precision agriculture systems, further solidifying solid formulations as the preferred use mode for effective and scalable biofumigation.

By Crop Type: Biofumigation for Fruits and Vegetables is most the Preferred Choice 

Today, more than 45% of biofumigation applications in the biofumigation market are directed toward fruits and vegetables, making this crop segment the largest beneficiary of biofumigant technologies. The preference for biofumigation in fruits and vegetables is driven by the high economic value of these crops and their susceptibility to soilborne diseases that can cause devastating yield and quality losses. For instance, in 2024, over 1,100,000 acres of strawberry, tomato, and cucumber fields in the US and Europe were treated with biofumigant amendments, resulting in a combined yield increase of 54,000 tons and a reduction in disease incidence by 2,900 cases per 10,000 plants. The market has responded with tailored solutions, such as high-glucosinolate mustard seed meals and oilseed radish pellets, specifically formulated for fruit and vegetable production systems.

The adoption of biofumigation in fruits and vegetables is also enabled by its compatibility with organic certification and residue-free production requirements, which are critical for market access and consumer trust. Growers have found that biofumigation not only suppresses soilborne pathogens but also improves soil structure and microbial diversity, leading to healthier root systems and more resilient crops. Real-world examples include the integration of biofumigation in California’s organic strawberry industry, where growers have reported a 14-day reduction in crop cycle time and a 1,900-kilogram per hectare increase in marketable yield. In the Netherlands, commercial tomato producers have adopted biofumigation as a standard pre-planting practice, resulting in a 3,400-case reduction in Fusarium wilt outbreaks annually. The biofumigation market continues to expand its footprint in the fruits and vegetables sector, with ongoing research and product development aimed at maximizing efficacy and economic returns for growers in this high-value crop segment.

Regional Analysis 

North America’s Leadership in Biofumigation Market Adoption and Innovation

The market in North America stands as the global leader, accounting for the largest regional share and setting benchmarks in both adoption and innovation. As of 2024, North America holds approximately 35% of the global biofumigation market, with the region’s value surpassing US$ 650 million in 2024. This dominance is fueled by the region’s robust organic farming sector, advanced agricultural infrastructure, and strong regulatory push toward sustainable practices. North American growers, particularly in the US and Canada, have rapidly integrated biofumigation into large-scale fruit, vegetable, and potato production, with over 1.5 million acres now managed using biofumigant crops such as mustard and radish. The region’s focus on reducing chemical pesticide dependency—by as much as 40%—has driven widespread adoption, especially among organic and specialty crop producers.

Recent developments in the North American biofumigation market include the launch of advanced seed meals and green manure products by leading players such as BASF SE, UPL Group, Isagro USA, and Marrone Bio Innovations. These companies are investing heavily in R&D, with over US$ 27 million allocated in 2024 for new product development and pilot projects. Notably, IoT-based soil monitoring systems are being piloted in California and the Midwest, improving soil management outcomes by up to 40%. The US Department of Agriculture has also initiated collaborative projects with universities to breed high-glucosinolate mustard varieties, further enhancing pest suppression efficiency by 25%. These ongoing projects and technological advancements are expected to solidify North America’s leadership in the market for the foreseeable future.

The United States: Largest Contributor and Consumer in Biofumigation Market

Within North America, the United States is the single largest contributor and consumer in the North American market, driving both demand and innovation. In 2024, the US biofumigation market was valued at over US$ 450 million, with projections indicating continued growth as sustainable agriculture becomes mainstream. The US leads in both acreage and number of farms utilizing biofumigation, with more than 0.9 million acres under biofumigant crop management and over 38,000 farms actively deploying these techniques. The US market is characterized by high adoption rates among organic farmers—70% of whom now use biofumigation to enhance yields by up to 30% and improve soil health by 40%.

Key players such as Marrone Bio Innovations and Isagro USA are at the forefront, launching new seed meal and oilseed formulations tailored for US crops. Recent pilot projects in Idaho and California have demonstrated yield increases of 2.1 million kilograms per hectare in potatoes and a 14-day reduction in strawberry crop cycles. The US government’s support for sustainable agriculture, including grants for biofumigation research and extension services, has accelerated market penetration. The integration of digital platforms and precision agriculture tools is also enabling US growers to optimize biofumigant application, further boosting the market’s growth trajectory in the country.

Asia Pacific: Fastest Growing Region in Biofumigation Market Expansion

The regional rapid expansion is driven by increasing awareness of sustainable farming, rising demand for organic produce, and government initiatives promoting eco-friendly pest management. Countries such as China, India, Australia, and Japan are leading the charge, with over 0.6 million acres now under biofumigant crop cultivation. The region’s growth is further supported by pilot projects in India and China, where government-backed programs are educating farmers on the benefits of biofumigation and subsidizing the adoption of mustard and radish-based products.

Recent developments in the Asia Pacific biofumigation market include the introduction of high-performance seed meals and green manure products by both local and international players. BASF SE and UPL Group have expanded their presence in the region, partnering with local cooperatives to deploy biofumigation solutions in rice, vegetable, and fruit production. In 2024, pilot projects in India’s Punjab and Maharashtra regions demonstrated a 1.8 million kilogram per hectare yield increase in tomatoes and a 2.9 million nematode reduction per square meter in cucumbers. These successes are driving further investment, with over US$ 12 million allocated to ongoing projects aimed at scaling up biofumigation adoption across Asia Pacific.

Top Companies in the Biofumigation Market

• BASF SE
• UPL Group (UPL Limited)
• Isagro USA, Inc.
• Marrone Bio Innovations
• Eastman Chemical Company
• P.H. Petersen
• Mighty Mustard
• Tozer Seeds
• Harley Seeds
• Other Prominent Players

Market Segmentation Overview

By Seed / Crop Type

• Mustard seed (including Brassica juncea / brown mustard)
• Cauliflower seed
• Broccoli seed
• Oilseed radish
• Other brassicas (e.g., arugula, broccoli)

By Application

• Soilborne pathogen control
• Weed management
• Nematode control
• Soil fertility / soil‐health improvement
• Crop protection

By Formulation / Use Mode

• Cover crop
• Seed cake / seed meal
• Solid formulations
• Liquid formulations
• Granular formulations

By End‑User / Crop Type

• Fruits & vegetables
• Field crops / cereals
• Turf & ornamental plants / floriculture

By Region

• North America
  • The U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Western Europe
    • The UK
    • Germany
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Western Europe
  • Eastern Europe
    • Poland
    • Russia
    • Hungary
    • Rest of Eastern Europe
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • South Korea
  • Australia & New Zealand
  • ASEAN
  • Rest of Asia Pacific
• Middle East
  • UAE
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Bahrain
  • Kuwait
  • Qatar
  • Rest of Middle East
• Africa
  • Oman
  • Egypt
  • Nigeria
  • South Africa
  • Rest of Africa
• South America
  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Rest of South America