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Unlocking New Revenue Streams in the Evolving Oil Storage Market Landscape

• Transition to Sustainable Storage and Low-Carbon Feedstocks: A drastic possibility is to retrofit current terminals and to construct new facilities that can serve biofuels, renewable diesel and sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). Since refineries are now co-processing these feedstocks and the mandates on the ratio of these feeds grow, purpose-built storage that provides segregation, heating and special logistics are necessary. Those operators who invest in updating their facilities to handle these next-generation fuels are able to charge premium services and earn long-term contracts with energy majors and airlines that are concerned about the environment, which places them at the center of the energy transition.
• Digitalization for Enhanced Terminal Efficiency and Blending Optimization: Another key growth avenue  of the oil storage market involves the integration of advanced digital technologies. The introduction of AI-based inventory management, IoT-based real-time monitoring, and automatic blending can ensure significant changes in operational efficiency and cost reduction. The terminal operators can offer advanced on-demand fuel blending services which will enable the terminal operators to earn more margins. With storage facilities offering specific, tailored fuel grades to shipping and power generation customers, they can become not just passive holding assets in the supply chain, but become components with high value within the supply chain.

Specialized Product Storage and Blending Hubs Command Market Growth Potential

The increasing complexity of global fuel specifications is creating robust demand for specialized infrastructure within the oil storage market. Terminals equipped for intricate blending operations and the storage of niche products are becoming critical logistics hubs. For instance, global demand for marine gasoil (MGO) blending components is projected to require an additional 8 million cubic meters of dedicated tankage by 2025. Furthermore, the number of tenders for constructing heated storage tanks for high-viscosity feedstocks in the Middle East reached 22 in the first half of 2024 alone. Major trading hubs are seeing a surge in activity; the Port of Rotterdam reported 3,500 dedicated blending operations in 2024, a notable increase.

Investment is flowing into these high-value assets across the oil storage market. A new terminal project in Singapore, announced in 2024, includes 12 specialized tanks for biofuel blending with a combined capacity of 240,000 cubic meters. Similarly, throughput of low-sulfur fuel oil at the Fujairah hub is expected to surpass 75 million barrels in 2025. The cost premium for constructing stainless steel tanks for sensitive chemical feedstocks is now US$ 450 per cubic meter over standard carbon steel. Moreover, terminals in Houston are adding 6 new vapor recovery units in 2025 to handle high-volatility blendstocks. Operators have also processed over 500 unique blend recipes for clients in 2024. Finally, the number of pipeline connections for transferring blend components between terminals in the ARA region grew by 15 in 2024, and the average residency time for products requiring blending is now 25 days.

Surging LNG Exports Drive Demand for Cryogenic and Floating Storage Solutions

The global push for cleaner energy sources is fueling a boom in liquefied natural gas (LNG), creating a parallel demand surge in the specialized oil storage market. There were 9 new LNG export projects worldwide that were approved to Final Investment Decision (FID) in 2024. These are large projects, and the additions in the LNG export capacity, planned to be launched in 2025, are projected to be 45 million tonnes per annum (mtpa). In line with this expansion, the global fleet of LNG carriers as a mode of transport and short-term storage is bound to increase by 60 new carriers in 2025. Such growth is required to handle the logistics of a worldwide gas market.

Floating storage is becoming an indispensable component of this ecosystem in the oil storage market. By the year 2025, there will be 55 active Floating Storage and Regasification Units (FSRUs) all over the world. This trend is evident in new orders where 8 new FSRUs were ordered in 2024. Investment, onshore, is also very strong, and on the U.S. Gulf Coast onshore LNG storage tank capacity additions have been planned to increase to 1.2 million cubic meters in 2025. The standard 180,000 cubic meter LNG storage tank has an average capital expenditure that is US$ 220 million. Moreover, the amount of LNG bunkering vessels, which will fuel ships, will rise by 12 in 2025. The utilization rates at the key LNG import terminals in Europe were constantly over 90 per cent in 2024, and the amount of LNG that was stored in floating storage in Asia hit the record 3.5 million cubic meters during a trading contango at the beginning of 2025.

 Segmental Analysis 

Crude Oil's Unrivaled Throughput Cements Its Storage Market Leadership

The crude oil segment's commanding 52.11% share of the oil storage market is a direct consequence of the sheer volume of global production and its strategic importance as a primary energy source. It has been projected that in 2024, the world will produce its highest ever level of crude oil which will be 102.9 million barrels per day (mbd) and it is estimated that another 105 million bmd will be produced by 2025. As a result, this type of large-scale production needs the same level of storage facilities to stockpile supply chains and deal with market fluctuations. An example of this need is the case of the large consumers such as China with an average imports of 11.1 million bpd in 2024, which is ardently increasing its capacity, with 11 new locations, which will increase its storage capacity by 169 million barrels in 2026. In addition, the logistical system is continuously widening to transport these quantities, which is seen in the record 4.1 million bpd of U.S. crude exports in 2024.

This logistical expansion is crucial for feeding the world's refineries, which are anticipated to process an average of 83.4 million bpd in 2025, further securing the segment's position in the oil storage market. The international network will increase by a large margin with an additional 73 new crude oil pipelines scheduled to be in operation within the timeframe of 2025 and 2030. Simultaneously, countries focus on the security of energy by holding enormous strategic reserves including the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve that has a legitimate capacity of 714 million barrels. Maritime storage is also becoming popular, and there is a significant trend in the increase in the number of Very Large Crude Carriers (VLCCs) serving as floating storage in early 2025. These interconnected factors unequivocally demonstrate why crude oil dominates the global oil storage market.

• In the region, the cost of upstream oil and gas is estimated to require the cumulative US$ 4.3 trillion between 2025 and 2030 to meet the demand.
• The increasing number of oil rigs around the world, amounting to 1,660 in December 2024, indicates the existence of long-term production processes that are directly integrated into storage networks.
• In May 2024, Canada increased its Trans Mountain Expansion pipeline threefold to 890,000 bpd, and immediate downstream storage solutions were required to match the increment.

Fixed Roof Tanks Dominate Through Economic and Operational Advantages

Fixed roof tanks account for more than 49.13% of the total oil storage market volume, a position earned through their cost-effectiveness and versatile application in storing a wide range of petroleum products. The current growth of the world refining capacity which is expected to increase by 3.3 million bd is what directly drives the demand of these storage assets. Their low design will make them cheaper to build and maintain than the alternatives, cementing them as the choice in less volatile products storage, such as gasoline and distillates. Consequently, large infrastructure developments such as new terminal development and refinery development construction are marked by fixed roof tanks to control the cost of operation as well as provide dependable containment.

The continuous demand for storing refinery outputs and certain types of crude oil ensures high utilization rates for these tanks within the oil storage market. The large pipeline infrastructure is a major catalyst; as an example, in 2024, the U.S. finished five new pipeline networks of petroleum products, requiring construction of fixed roof tank farms at the terminal sites. On the same note, mega-refineries such as Al-Zour in Kuwait and Dangote refinery in Nigeria have huge tank farms to process their products. With a planned 233,446 km of new oil and gas pipelines by 2030, the need for associated terminal storage will grow exponentially, further entrenching the dominance of fixed roof tanks in the oil storage market.

• The lifespan of a new fixed roof tank is one of the determinants in investment choices and can last many decades provided it is well maintained.
• These tanks are essential in the storage of feedstock in the global petrochemical plants, which is the industry with a robust demand growth, especially in Asia.
• The Baltic Pipe project with a connection of Norway and Poland demanded the new compressor stations and terminal facilities which are very dependent on the fixed roof storage technology.

Regional Analysis 

Geostrategic Location Wins the Market Leadership of Middle East & Africa.

The Middle East & Africa region's substantial 36.12% share of the global oil storage market is fundamentally rooted in its status as the world's foremost oil-producing region and its pivotal role in global energy trade. Countries like Saudi Arabia and UAE are the epicenter of crude production and their huge export business needs an enormous storage system to facilitate them. The best example to consider is the Port of Fujairah in UAE that is increasing its storage to 12 million cubic meters. One of the landmark projects that highlight this trend is the establishment of underground caverns by Abu Dhabi National Oil Co. with the capacity of carrying 42 million barrels of crude which increase the flexibility of supply.

The area is a strategic nexus of logistics, linking key centers of production to the markets that are high-demand in Asia and Europe. The availability of 332 active oil rigs in the Middle East as of December 2024 is an indication of a very strong production pipeline that caters to the storage network on a continuous basis. Responses by OPEC+ members to implement production reductions in 2024 have compelled former production reductions to be conducted at large-scale storage to enable them to quickly be able to produce, which would be a strategic control instrument in the market. Significant investments in downstream infrastructure, including advanced refineries and modernized export terminals, reinforce the region's central role in the oil storage market. This strategic capacity construction makes sure that the region is in a position to effectively handle and send out huge loads of oil thus controlling and regulating a huge percentage of the international market.

• This is even without the broader production agreements, Iran was able to increase its production of the crude oil by a significant 12 percent in 2024.
• The Omani refinery of Duqm has dramatically raised the demand of both the crude production and refined products storage in the Arabian Peninsula.
• By the beginning of 2025, ports in the Persian Gulf contributed more than 40 percent of all seaborne oil trade indicating the vital logistical significance of the region.

Asia Pacific Spearheads Worldwide Storage Development by tactical government requirements.

The Asia Pacific region is cementing its position as the fastest-growing oil storage market, driven by aggressive government-led energy security initiatives and burgeoning commercial demand. The area has a large proportion of the world market. China is on a huge build up and is intended to incorporate 25 million cubic meters of new state owned storage capacity by the end of 2025. To augment these objectives, China gave licenses to 42 new large-scale crude storage tanks in 2024. In addition, the second stage of Indian strategic petroleum reserve was rolled out with construction of two new underground caverns with a total capacity of 6.5 million metric tons. South Korea also is improving its infrastructure and in 2024 it is adding 4.9 million barrels of new commercial storage capacity at its Yeosu terminal.

There is a rapid growth of logistical hubs to address the growing levels of trade in the region. For instance, Port of Singapore Authority passed proposals to construct a new deep-water oil terminal with an initial capacity of 1.3 million cubic meters and is expected to be completed in 2025. On the same note, Pengerang Deepwater Terminals in Malaysia received more than 3,500 vessel calls in 2024. The investment is strong and in 2024 South Korean companies have placed orders of 8 new Very large Cruise liners (VLCCs) to facilitate their imports and international trade activities. The average Japanese commercial crude inventories were 75 million barrels during the whole year 2024. Moreover, the amount of capital invested in new projects in the region in terms of storage exceeded US$ 4.2 billion in 2024. Lastly, the state-owned Pertamina Corporation in Indonesia spent its money on modernizing 15 of its smaller coastal terminals.

North America Strengthens Its Leadership as a leading energy supplier in the world.

North America's oil storage market is defined by its critical role in supporting surging crude exports. The U.S. Gulf Coast is the center stage and initiatives are ongoing to realize 15 million barrels of new export-based storage capacity in the year 2025. The Port of Corpus Christi, one of the major export centers, received a new record volume of outbound crude of 650 million barrels in 2024. To that effect, midstream operators are constructing 5 new pipeline linkages between the Permian Basin and the coast storage sites. In 2024, the storage hub at the Cushing, Oklahoma, location had its capacity expanded by 2.2 million barrels after the infrastructural improvements. The 2024 U.S. midstream storage assets investment was US$ 6.8 billion.

Canada is also expanding its capabilities in the oil storage market. The Trans Mountain Expansion project realized a new storage capacity with 3.9 million barrels of storage capacity in the Edmonton and Burnaby terminals. Moreover, Enbridge declared that they would build 4 new storage tanks at Hardisty terminal in Alberta. The new complex of the refinery in Mexico, Dos Bocas, has a 10 million barrels integrated tank farm that became operational in 2025. More than that, the Texas number of permits to build new storage tanks amounted to 112 in 2024. Finally, there was a 25 million barrels crude transport in the first half of 2024 by rail to storage hubs.

Recent Developments in Oil Storage Market 

• China Building 11 New Oil Storage Sites: China is building 11 new oil storage facilities by 2026, with 169 million barrels of capacity, being the first to be built under the leadership of Sinopec and CNOOC. More than 37 million barrels are already finished, and the rest of the sites will be developed faster in 2025-2026.
• Strategic reserve expanding plans by India: India has plans to expand its strategic oil reserves to meet its 90 days consumption target and the requirements of the International Energy Agency, by developing three new strategic oil reserves; Salt cavern storage at Bikaner (5.2-5.3 million tons), Mangalore (1.75 million tons), and Bina.
• Vopak and Infracapital Acquire German LNG Terminal: In early 2024, Vopak and Infracapital acquired the German LNG terminal in Brunsbuttel and obtained an important liquid gas storage and import terminal in Europe.
• Kinder Morgan Acquires STX Midstream: Kinder Morgan acquired South Texas Gateway Terminal (STX Midstream) owned by NextEra Energy Partners in the U.S. Gulf Coast and acquired the plant at US$ 1.815 billion as its expansion of crude oil and liquids storage.
• ADNOC Gas Signs Serious LNG Supply Contract: ADNOC Gas reported a US$ 550 million agreement with a subsidiary of GAIL (India) to supply its production and related storage facilities, which will be the foundation of its investment in its production and storage facilities.
• Energy Transfer Completes Crestwood Equity Partners Acquisition: Energy Transfer completed its takeover of Crestwood Equity Partners in a US$ 7.1 billion all-equity deal, greatly increasing its terminal and storage resources in the U.S.
• Getka Group and UNG Announce Terminal Development in Estonia: American Company Getka Group and Estonia based UNG declared a joint venture to create a strategic new liquids storage terminal at Port of Sillamae.
• Sunoco LP Acquires NuStar Energy: sunoco LP has declared a final settlement of acquiring NuStar Energy L.P. in US$ 7.3 billion in a deal that will consolidate their fuel distribution and storage terminal system.
• Global Partners Acquires 25 Liquid Energy Terms of Motiva: Global Partners LP bought 25 liquid energy terms of Motiva Enterprises LLC in the U.S. East and Gulf Coasts and augmented its storage and distribution network.
• Oneok Completes US$ 18.8 Billion Magellan Midstream: Oneok completed its purchase of Magellan Midstream Partners to become a bigger and more diversified midstream company with massive storage of crude oil and refined products.

Top Companies in the Oil Storage Market

• Buckeye Partners L.P.
• CST Industries Inc.
• Denali Incorporated (National Oilwell Varco Inc.)
• Energy Transfer LP
• L.F. Manufacturing
• Oiltanking GmbH (Marquard & Bahls)
• Royal Vopak N.V.
• Shawcor Ltd.
• Synalloy Corporation
• Snyder Industries LLC
• VTTI B.V.
• Ziemann Holvrieka GmbH.
• Other Prominent Players

Maret Segmentation Overview

By Storage Type

• Open Top Tanks
• Fixed Roof Tanks
• Floating Roof Tanks
• Other Storage Facilities

By Product Type

• Crude Oil
• Gasoline
• Aviation Fuel
• Middle Distillates
• LPG
• Diesel
• Others

By Material

• Steel
• Carbon Steel
• Fiberglass-reinforced Plastic (FRP)

By Reserve Type

• Strategic Petroleum Reserve
• Commercial Petroleum Reserve

By Region

• North America
  • The US
  • Canada
  • Mexico
• Europe
  • Western Europe
    • The UK
    • Germany
    • France
    • Italy
    • Spain
    • Rest of Western Europe
  • Eastern Europe
    • Poland
    • Russia
    • Rest of Eastern Europe
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia and New Zealand
  • South Korea
  • ASEAN
  • Rest of Asia Pacific
• Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Africa
  • UAE
  • Rest of MEA
• South America
  • Argentina
  • Brazil
  • Rest of South America